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INTRODUCTION Although
the primary approaches in any safety effort is the correction of the physical
environment so that unwanted events cannot occur. It is sometimes necessary for
economic or other expeditious reasons to safeguard personnel by equipping them
individually with specialized personal protective equipment. For
example, in machine shop it would be desirable to remove all sources of cause
of flying particles so that possibility of eye injuries would be reduced to zero
or, at worst, to a very insignificant degree. However in many machine shop situations
it is either too expensive or otherwise not immediately practical to accomplish
this objective satisfactorily. It may be necessary therefore, to protect the eye
protection equipment. In other instances, it is practically impossible to devise
a safe working procedure that can assure there will be no chance of avoidable
injury. For example, in construction work there is the possibility of a hand tool,
rivet or similarly relatively heavy object's falling from an elevated level and
striking the head of a person working below. It is necessary, therefore, that
construction workers wear protective headgear. It
should be recognized that the use of personal protective equipment is an important
and necessary consideration in the development of a safety program. However, since
personal protection equipment must be relied on to a certain degree, occasionally
there is a temptation to employ its use without first attempting to investigate
thoroughly the possible methods of correcting the unsafe physical conditions.
This results in substituting personal protective devices in place of safety engineering
methods to correct the hazardous environment.
EYE PROTECTION Specific
equipment for protection against the possibility of the eyes being struck by hard,
small objects exposed to irritant vapors; splashed by liquid irritants ; and irritated
from exposure to radiant energy, such as the ultraviolet rays produced by the
striking of an electrical arc in electrical welding operations, is available.
In general, protective eye equipment should fit comfortably and offer a maximum
amount of protection to the eye. For example, protection against flying particle
would require that the eye equipment fit closely around the eye socket, but ventilation
holes are provided in appropriate places to keep the goggles will vary; in one
case a wire mesh covering is used in place of glass lens because of its increased
capacity for ventilation. However, if the exposure were to irritating vapors,
it would be necessary for the protective device not only to fit snugly around
the eye socket but to be so completely enclosed that the vapors in the air could
not make contact with the eye. Materials
used in construction of a protective eye equipment should be non corrosive, easily
cleaned, in many cases nonflammable, and the transparent portion should give the
widest; possible field of vision without any appreciable distortion or prism effect. In
certain operations, such as welding or working on grinding wheels, the safety
glass lenses will quite often become pitted. In order to protect the hardened
safety lenses and to keep their visibility at a high level, it is desirable to
place a disposable cover lens (a lens of thin glass or plastic) on the outside
surface of the hardened safety glass.
Persons
who must wear goggles while working in many surroundings and under humid conditions
may be hampered and annoyed by the fogging of the lenses. In addition to designing
the goggles that a maximum amount of ventilation reaches the inside of each lens,
fogging may be further delayed or reduced to some degree by the use of antifogging
compounds which the wearer spreads over the inside of the lens.
For protection against visible glare and radiant energy, such as ultraviolet,
it is necessary that the filter lenses be used. The eye equipment should be fitted
with opaque side4 shields in order to reduce the possibility of light being transmitted
to the eye through the side and from the back of the lenses. Where conditions
are such that there may be exposure to spattering materials or flying particles
in addition to the visible glare or radiant energy, a heavy- duty , cup-type Google
fitted with safety tempered filter lenses should be specified. There is a wide
assortment of eye protection equipment available, each possessing certain advantages
for suitable applications
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