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Definition
According to the dictionary guidance is the 'process of guiding the path of an
object towards a given point, which in general may be moving'. The process of
guidance is based on the position and velocity if the target relative to the guided
object. The present day ballistic missiles are all guided using the global positioning
system or GPS.GPS uses satellites as instruments for sending signals to the missile
during flight and to guide it to the target. SATRACK
is a system that was developed to provide an evaluation methodology for the guidance
system of the ballistic missiles. This was developed as a comprehensive test and
evaluation program to validate the integrated weapons system design for nuclear
powered submarines launched ballistic missiles.this is based on the tracking signals
received at the missile from the GPS satellites. SATRACK has the ability to receive
record, rebroadcast and track the satellite signals.
SATRACK facility also has the great advantage that the whole data obtained from
the test flights can be used to obtain a guidance error model. The recorded data
along with the simulation data from the models can produce a comprehensive guidance
error model. This will result in the solution that is the best flight path for
the missile. The signals for the
GPS satellite navigation are two L-band frequency signals. They can be called
L1 and L2.L1 is at 1575.42 MHz and L2 at 1227.60 MHz.The modulations used for
these GPS signals are 1. Narrow band clear/acquisition
code with 2MHz bandwidth.
2. Wide band encrypted P code with 20MHz bandwidth.
L1 is modulated using the narrow band C/A code only. This signal will give an
accuracy of close to a 100m only. L2 is modulated using the P code. This code
gives a higher accuracy close to 10m that is why they are encrypted. The parameters
that a GPS signal carries are latitude, longitude, altitude and time. The modulations
applied to each frequency provide the basis for epoch measurements used to determine
the distances to each satellite. Tracking of the dual frequency GPS signals provides
a way to correct measurements from the effect of refraction through the ionosphere.
An alternate frequency L3 at 1381.05MHz was also used to compensate for the ionospheric
effects.
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