The POSIX Network Error 61 means “Connection refused”—typically your system couldn’t establish a TCP connection because the target refused it. This isn’t a generic network error, but a specific rejection at the connection level.
🧩 What It Usually Indicates
You’re trying to connect to a server or service port that isn’t open or listening.
Can also occur when a VPN or local firewall blocks the connection.
POSIX error 61 maps to theECONNREFUSEDconstant in most languages/frameworks.
⚠️ Common Scenarios & Solutions
1. Server or Port Not Listening
The service you’re connecting to might be down or not running on that port.
✔️ Ensure the server is operational and the service is active.
2. Client Firewall or VPN Interference
On iOS/macOS, many users report uninstalling VPN apps or disabling firewall helped resolve POSIX error 61.
Also on macOS, personal firewalls (e.g., Little Snitch) can interrupt traffic.
What to do:
Disable or uninstall VPN/proxy apps
Temporarily disable firewall/security apps
Retry the connection
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3. Network Routing Issues
Incorrect routing or DNS may send requests to the wrong place, triggering refusal.
Try:
Switching to mobile data or a different Wi‑Fi.
Flushing DNS.
Restarting your router.
4. Device-specific or Software Problems
On iOS Mail apps, removing and re-adding the account fixed the issue for many users
Rebooting the device sometimes resolves stale networking conditions.
5. Testing from Another Device
If possible, test the connection from another device or computer on the same network.
If it works elsewhere, then the issue is likely local to your original device’s settings.
✅ Troubleshooting Checklist
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Confirm the service is running and listening on the expected host and port. |
| 2 | Disable VPN / Firewall and retry the connection. |
| 3 | Restart or re-add your app or account (e.g., Mail). |
| 4 | Switch networks or restart your router. |
| 5 | Test from another device to narrow down the issue’s scope. |
| 6 | If all else fails, contact server admin or ISP for logs/status. |
🔎 Real-world Example: POSIX 61 on iPhone Mail
Many iOS users got the error in the Mail app:
“I had this exact problem… uninstalling the VPN app did it.”
They resolved it by removing the VPN and/or recreating the mail account.
🧪 Why This Error Occurs
When your system sends a TCP SYN to open a connection and gets an immediate RST (reset) instead of SYN-ACK, POSIX marks it as error 61 (“connection refused”). This means the port is reachable but not accepting connections.
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