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INTROUCTION
Governments are keen to encourage
the roll-out of broadband interactive multimedia services to business and residential
customers because they recognise the economic benefits of e-commerce, information
and entertainment. Digital cable networks can provide a compelling combination
of simultaneous services including broadcast TV, VOD, fast Internet and telephony.
Residential customers are likely to be increasingly attracted to these bundles
as the cost can be lower than for separate provision. Cable networks have therefore
been implemented or upgraded to digital in many urban areas in the developed countries. ADSL
has been developed by telcos to allow on-demand delivery via copper pairs. A bundle
comparable to cable can be provided if ADSL is combined with PSTN telephony and
satellite or terrestrial broadcast TV services but incumbant telcos have been
slow to roll it out and 'unbundling' has not proved successful so far. Some telcos
have been accused of restricting ADSL performance and keeping prices high to protect
their existing business revenues. Prices have recently fallen but even now the
ADSL (and SDSL) offerings are primarily targeted at provision of fast (but contended)
Internet services for SME and SOHO customers. This slow progress (which is partly
due to the unfavourable economic climate) has also allowed cable companies to
move slowly.
A significant proportion of customers in suburban and semi-rural areas will only
be able to have ADSL at lower rates because of the attenuation caused by the longer
copper drops. One solution is to take fibre out to street cabinets equipped for
VDSL but this is expensive, even where ducts are already available.
Network
operators and service providers are increasingly beset by a wave of technologies
that could potentially close the gap between their fibre trunk networks and a
client base that is all too anxious for the industry to accelerate the rollout
of broadband. While the established vendors of copper-based DSL and fibre-based
cable are finding new business, many start-up operators, discouraged by the high
cost of entry into wired markets, have been looking to evolving wireless radio
and laser options. One
relatively late entrant into this competitive mire is mesh radio, a technology
that has quietly emerged to become a potential holder of the title 'next big thing'.
Mesh Radio is a new approach to Broadband Fixed Wireless Access (BFWA) that avoids
the limitations of point to multi-point delivery. It could provide a cheaper '3rd
Way' to implement residential broadband that is also independent of any existing
network operator or service provider. Instead of connecting each subscriber individually
to a central provider, each is linked to several other subscribers nearby by low-power
radio transmitters; these in turn are connected to others, forming a network,
or mesh, of radio interconnections that at some point links back to the central
transmitter.
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