| Circuit
Breaker Maintenance by Mobile Agent Software Technology |
INTROUCTION
Circuit
breakers are crucial components for power system operations. They play an important
role in switching for the routine network operation and protection of other devices
in power systems. To ensure circuit breakers are in healthy condition, periodical
inspection and preventive maintenance are typically performed. The maintenance
schedules and routines usually follow the recommendation of circuit breaker vendors,
although the recommended schedules may be conservative. New
maintenance techniques and methodologies are emerging, while the circuit breakers
keep improving in their designs and functions . As an example, some new circuit
breakers have embedded monitoring instruments available to measure the coil current
profiles and the operation timing . The recorded information can be used to monitor
the condition of breakers during each operation. In this case, it may be more
appropriate to replace the time-directed maintenance by condition-directed maintenance
practice . When applied properly, both the size of the maintenance crew and maintenance
cost may be reduced greatly with this approach. Since the number of circuit breakers
in a power system is usually very big, a small maintenance cost saving per each
circuit breaker can accumulate to a considerable benefit for the whole system.
A more systematic solution is Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), which
can be used to select the most appropriate maintenance strategy. During
the maintenance or repair work, the maintenance crew will need to access information
distributed across the utility and stored using different data formats. By equipping
the crew with new information access methods to replace the old paper-based information
exchange and logging method, the efficiency may be improved since less time will
be spent on preparation, reporting and logging. An information access method that
is capable of handling heterogeneous information sources will be helpful to achieve
the above goal. Also, the new information access method should be secure and able
to work on unreliable public networks. The
mobile agent software provides a flexible framework for mobile agent applications.
An agent application program can travel through the internet/intranet to the computers
where the mobile agent server or transporter is running. The mobile agent software
also supports Distributed Events, Agent Collaboration and Service Bridge. Compared
with client server systems, an agent can process the data locally and thus reduce
the network traffic. Besides, the Java platform encapsulates the network layer
from the agent, which makes the programming easier. The mobile agent software
may fit very well in the circuit breaker maintenance scenario. In this paper,
we considered how mobile agent software might be applied in circuit breaker maintenance
and monitoring from the viewpoint of the maintenance crew. CIRCUIT
BREAKER MAINTENANCE TASKS
The
maintenance of circuit breakers deserves special consideration because of their
importance for routine switching and for protection of other equipment. Electric
transmission system breakups and equipment destruction can occur if a circuit
breaker fails to operate because of a lack of a preventive maintenance. The need
for maintenance of circuit breaker is often not obvious as circuit breakers may
remain idle, either open or closed, for long periods of time. Breakers that remain
idle for six months or more should be made to open and close several time in succession
to verify proper operation and remove any accumulation of dust or foreign material
on, moving parts and contacts. The
circuit breakers mainly consist of the interrupter assembly (contacts, arc interrupters
and arc chutes), operating mechanism, operation rod, control panel, sealing system,
and breaking medium (SF6, oil, vacuum and air). To ensure the performance of a
circuit breaker, all the components should be kept in good condition; therefore
time-directed preventive maintenance has been widely adopted. The preventive maintenance
tasks include periodic inspection, test, and replacement of worn or defective
components and lubrication of the mechanical parts. The maintenance intervals
are usually determined using experiences or following the recommended schedules
provided by the vendor or standard. The
maintenance practices can be divided into three categories: corrective maintenance,
preventive maintenance, and predictive maintenance.
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