Definition The communications capability of devices and continuous transparent information
routes are indispensable components of future oriented automation concepts. Communication
is increasing rapidly in industrial environment even at field level.In any industry
the process can be realized through sensors and can be controlled through actuators.
The process is monitored on the central control room by getting signals through
a pair of wires from each field device in Distributed Control Systems (DCS). With
advent in networking concept, the cost of wiring is saved by networking the field
devices. But the latest trend is elimination of wires i.e., wireless networks.
Wireless
sensor networks - networks of small devices equipped with sensors, microprocessor
and wireless communication interfaces.In 1994, Ericsson Mobile communications,
the global telecommunication company based in Sweden, initiated a study to investigate,
the feasibility of a low power, low cost ratio interface, and to find a way to
eliminate cables between devices. Finally, the engineers at the Ericsson named
the new wireless technology as "Blue tooth" to honour the 10th century
king if Denmark, Harald Blue tooth (940 to 985 A.D). The goals of blue tooth
are unification and harmony as well, specifically enabling different devices to
communicate through a commonly accepted standard for wire less connectivity.
BLUE
TOOTH Blue tooth operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHZ frequency
band and use frequency hopping spread spectrum technique. A typical Blue tooth
device has a range of about 10 meters and can be extended to 100meters. Communication
channels supports total bandwidth of 1 Mb / sec. A single connection supports
a maximum asymmetric data transfer rate of 721 KBPS maximum of three channels.
BLUE
TOOTH - NETWORKS In bluetooth, a Piconet is a collection of up to 8 devices
that frequency hop together. Each Piconet has one master usually a device that
initiated establishment of the Piconet, and up to 7 slave devices. Master's Blue
tooth address is used for definition of the frequency hopping sequence. Slave
devices use the master's clock to synchronize their clocks to be able to hop simultaneously.
A
Piconet When a device wants to establish a Piconet it has to perform inquiry
to discover other Blue tooth devices in the range. Inquiry procedure is defined
in such a way to ensure that two devices will after some time, visit the same
frequency same time when that happens, required information is exchanged and devices
can use paging procedure to establish connection.When more than 7 devices needs
to communicate, there are two options. The first one is to put one or more devices
into the park state. Blue tooth defines three low power modes sniff, hold and
park. When a device is in the park mode then it disassociates from and Piconet,
but still maintains timing synchronization with it. The master of the Piconet
periodically broadcasts beacons (Warning) to invite the slave to rejoin the Piconet
or to allow the slave to request to rejoin. The slave can rejoin the Piconet only
if there are less than seven slaves already in the Piconet. If not so, the master
has to 'park' one of the active slaves first.
All
these actions cause delay and for some applications it can be unacceptable for
eg: process control applications, that requires immediate response from the command
centre (central control room).Scatternet consists of several Piconets connected
by devices participating in multiple Piconet. These devices can be slaves in all
Piconets or master in one Piconet and slave in other Piconets. Using scatternets
higher throughput is available and multi-hop connections between devices in different
Piconets are possible. i.e., The unit can communicate in one Piconet at time so
they jump from pioneer to another depending upon the channel parameter.
