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Nanotechnology


Published on Jun 15, 2023

Abstract

Nanotechnology is defined as fabrication of devices with atomic or molecular scale precision. Devices with minimum feature sizes less than 100 nanometers (nm) are considered to be products of nanotechnology. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m) and is the unit of length that is generally most appropriate for describing the size of single molecules.

The nanoscale marks the nebulous boundary between the classical and quantum mechanical worlds; thus, realization of nanotechnology promises to bring revolutionary capabilities. Fabrication of nanomachines, nanoelectronics and other nanodevices will undoubtedly solve an enormous amount of the problems faced by mankind today.

Nanotechnology is currently in a very infantile stage. However, we now have the ability to organize matter on the atomic scale and there are already numerous products available as a direct result of our rapidly increasing ability to fabricate and characterize feature sizes less than 100 nm. Mirrors that don't fog, biomimetic paint with a contact angle near 180°, gene chips and fat soluble vitamins in aqueous beverages are some of the first manifestations of nanotechnology. However, immenant breakthroughs in computer science and medicine will be where the real potential of nanotechnology will first be achieved.

Nanoscience is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to bring about mature nanotechnology. Focusing on the nanoscale intersection of fields such as physics, biology, engineering, chemistry, computer science and more, nanoscience is rapidly expanding. Nanotechnology centers are popping up around the world as more funding is provided and nanotechnology market share increases. The rapid progress is apparent by the increasing appearance of the prefix "nano" in scientific journals and the news. Thus, as we increase our ability to fabricate computer chips with smaller features and improve our ability to cure disease at the molecular level, nanotechnology is here.

History of Nanotechnology

The amount of space available to us for information storage (or other uses) is enormous. As first described in a lecture titled, 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom' in 1959 by Richard P. Feynman, there is nothing besides our clumsy size that keeps us from using this space. In his time, it was not possible for us to manipulate single atoms or molecules because they were far too small for our tools. Thus, his
speech was completely theoretical and seemingly fantastic. He described how the laws of physics do not limit our ability to manipulate single atoms and molecules. Instead, it was our lack of the appropriate methods for doing so. However, he correctly predicted that the time would come in which atomically precise manipulation of matter would inevitably arrive.

Prof. Feynman described such atomic scale fabrication as a bottom-up approach, as opposed to the top-down approach that we are accustomed to. The current top-down method for manufacturing involves the construction of parts through methods such as cutting, carving and molding.

Technical feasibilities

 Self-assembling consumer goods

 Computers billions of times faster

 Extremely novel inventions (impossible today)

 Safe and affordable space travel I

 Medical Nano... virtual end to illness, aging, death

 No more pollution and automatic cleanup of already existing pollution

 Molecular food syntheses... end of famine and starvation

 Access to a superior education for every child on Earth

 Reintroduction of many extinct plants and animals

 Terraforming here and the Solar System

VI. NanoMachine Components of AI Globus & Team, NASA (in progress)

Extraordinarily Small, Strong and Resilient Components...

• Smart Materials

• Super Materials

• Bucky tubes

• Nanogear

• Nanometer

Nanomachines can also be incorporated into various materials to make those materials respond to their environment, or to outside commands. Examples of such materials would be “smart” fabrics that respond to the environment to become warmer or cooler, or walls and furniture that can move or change shape on command. Nanomachines could also be used as tools both in industry and by consumers. Such tools could cut apart or glue together material far more efficiently than anything large-scale that is used today. Nanomachines could also repair cars, furniture, applicances, or almost anything else quickly and efficiently. Or these objects could be designed with nanomachines to repair themselves should the need arise. Life would be greatly simplified by relieving people of the need to repair objects at home or at work.

Smart Material: -

Cosmetics is one of many multi-billion dollar industries that will benefit from a new class of coating called “Smart Materials”. This smart coating will certainly cross genders because of, some utilitarian properties unrelated to fashion. The proposed class of smart coatings, though extremely thin, contain a grab bag of nano structural composites. Laced with nano-computers, their extraordinary powers offer usages yet to be imagined. Like with all smart materials, conversion of the polish to a flat screen color monitor or video phone is a snap. A fingernail may be a desirable place to locate your personal computer interface. An environmental monitor could be included to warn of high carbon dioxide concentration or radiation. One’s physiological status could be constantly monitored. All of these functions could run on solar power generated in normal lighting conditions.

Super Materials: -

Atomic precision construction could produce metal structures devoid of micro imperfections, dramatically increasing strength. Bearings made to (unheard of) atomic precision (every atom in “round”) would last far longer, run cooler and bear greater loads. Today’s industrial products would benefit greatly, but why bother with first wave industrialization materials when diamondoid super composites available? Nano-constructed materials can be to material utility what scientific notation is to math. In diamond form, carbon is 50- 70 times stronger than steel and less than one fourth the weights. Much of the carbon needed to build with is available now from the billions of pounds of fossil fuel burned into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. The raw material delivers itself.

Bucky tubes:-

Gears made of Buckytubes are great nanomachine components... Buckytubes are carbon graphite sheets rolled into a tube (looks like tubes of chicken wire), and are “like” carbon in its diamond form, but with ALL available bonding strength aligned on one axis These tubes are stronger than diamond fiber, and the strongest fiber possible with matter, so we’re starting out with real racehorse material. Globus and Team designs are chemically stable, very tough and varied in geometry, including gears made from “nested” Buckytubes or tubs inside of tubes. Such a gear would be stiffer and suited for a “long” drive shaft. And talk about performance.












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