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A smart card, simply
speaking, is a credit card sized plastic card with an embedded computer chip and
some memory. You can put it to a wide variety of uses to help simplify your daily
life. Shopping, identification, telephone services and licenses are just couples
of them. ISO 7816 defines the smart cards standard it details the physical, electrical,
mechanical and application programming interface for it. Smart
card technology Smart card technology has its historical origin in the late 60's
and 70's when inventors in Germany, Japan and France filled the original patents`.
However due to several factors , not just of which was immature semiconductors
technology , most work on smart cards was not at all completed so 80s' after that
,major rollouts such as the French National Visa Debit and served as eye openers
to the potential of smart cards. The industry is now growing at a tremendous rate,
shipping more than one million cards per year since 1998.
Manufacturing
Technology
Manufacturing a smart card involves much more than just sticking
a chip on the Plastic. The plastic used is usually P.V.C (poly vinyl chloride),
but other substitutes like A.B.S (acryl nitrite butadiene styrene), P.C (polycarbonate)
and PET is also used. The chip Is also known as micro module, is very thin and
is embodied into the plastic substrate or Card. To do this a cavity is formed
or milled into the plastic card. Then either a cold or hot glue process bonds
the micro module to the cards. Application
The SIM (subscriber identification module) cards in cellphones are smart cards,
and act as a repository for information like owner ID, cash balance, etc. More
than 300 million of these cards are being used world wide today.
Small dish
TV satellite receivers also use smart cards for storing subscription information.
These are over four million in the US alone and millions more in Europe and Asia.
There are tons of other applications that
smart cards can be used for. For example, they could be used for computer or internet
user authentication, or for simply giving physical access through a gate. You
could have resort membership cards, or tickets for mass transport such as metro
rails and busses. Smart cards can be extremely usefull in Government departments
department such as in collecting toll tax on highways, or as identity cards, passports
etc.
Advantages
1. Making of
fake licenses has become almost impossible
2. If we lost our card and we
suddenly inform this news to the authorized persons
then they will cancel
that card by giving us a new one. So no need for tension.
3. If we have a
smart card then no need for keeping a bulk amount of money with
Us because
truncation of money though cards is now possible at any place
Disadvantage
1. It should be handle with a great care no folding is possible
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